A metaanalytic test of intergroup contact theory thomas f. How can intergroup interaction be bad if intergroup. Readers will end the book understanding how, when, and why intergroup contact reduces prejudice, how its effects generalize, specific aspects of it that. Contact hypothesis an overview sciencedirect topics. Of this conceptualization for intergroup relations in stratified societies md insti are both evident and whenever so dlvlslon as power, prestige, walthbetween groups.
Extending allports cognitive analysis of prejudice. Tropp, associate professor of psychology at the university of massachusetts, amherst, analyze research that shows how bringing groups together can mitigate prejudice. Combining some of allports forgotten contributions to the field and the. Although indirect contact interventions are effective, combining different interventions. Which of the following are examples of intergroup conflict. Varied research supports the hypothesis, but four problems remain. Abstract the bodies of research on intergroup contact and on collective. Create a flyer for encyclopedia of group processes and intergroup relations please select from the following options what you would like to be included in the flyer table of contents. A vast body of research deriving from intergroup contact theory suggests. Data were collected from 465 fleet staff employed in a newly merged airline company.
With approximately 300 entries, the two volumes of this encyclopedia cover concepts ranging from conformity to diversity and from small group interaction to intergroup relations on a global scale. Intragroup dynamics intro intragroup dynamics, also referred to as in group, withingroup, or commonly just group dynamics are the underlying processes that give rise to a set of norms, roles, relations, and common goals that characterize a particular social group. Labbased and realworld studies have examined the impact of different types of interactions including facetoface contact, indirect forms of contact, and. This is a pdf file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. A selection bias limits crosssectional studies, since prejudiced people avoid intergroup contact. With 7 independent samples from 515 studies, the metaanalysis finds that intergroup contact typically reduces intergroup. Eric ej1015573 intergroup contact as a tool for reducing. Recent advances in intergroup contact theory sciencedirect. Negative intergroup contact makes group memberships. Intergroup emotions are shaped by the very different ways in which members of different. Intergroup contact and social change sage journals.
The contact hypothesis the intergroup contact hypothesis was first proposed by allport 1954, who suggested. Contact is of utmost importance in reducing prejudice and promoting a more tolerant and integrated society and as such is a prime example of the real life applications that psychology can offer the world. Have you ever had to work with someone you wouldnt consider your type of person. For contact theory, this implies that one has to consider previolence contact effects on the previolence course of the intergroup conflict, the violence phase as well the postviolence period of the conflict. Everett university of oxford in the midst of racial segregation in the u. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Intergroup contact theory is among the more interesting and productive ideas from the.
Intergroup emotions theory seeks to understand and improve intergroup relations by focusing on the emotions engendered by belonging to, and by deriving identity from, a social group processes called selfcategorization and identification. Its just never been enough of a societal priority to actually implement it the way it would be required to make it. Pettigrew university of california, santa cruz linda r. Toby mordkoff department of psychology pennsylvania state university this article introduces the exposure index as a measure of intergroup contact and ingroup isolation. These articles cover broad categories ranging from theory and methodology to individual areas of. Imagining intergroup contact promotes projection to. Based on an integration of ict, communication theories, social capital. The applicability of tajfels social identity theory of intergroup relations was tested within a field situation of nursing, where high and low status trainee nursing groups are undergoing social change in status relations through a merger. How can intergroup interaction be bad if intergroup contact is good. Nov 18, 2015 the intergroup contact theory is based on the idea that interactions between members of different groups help improve intergroup attitudes and reduce intergroup tensions and prejudice. The sad hard truth is that, in schools, allports theory remains just a theory. Pdf allport specified four conditions for optimal intergroup contact. Status, legitimacy, and ingroup bias in the context of an.
A longitudinal field study dissertation zur erlangung des akademischen grads doctor philosophiae dr. Research and theory on intergroup contact have become one of the fastest advancing and most exciting fields in social psychology in recent years. Past, present, and future, authorjim a c everett and diana onu, year20 jim a c everett, diana onu published 20 in the midst of racial segregation in the u. The effects of merger interaction patterns on expectations of organizational commitment. Joining coordinated social movements klandermans, 1997, like the. Intergroup conflict describes a type of conflict that occurs between two or more different groups. Subsequent theory and research has developed this hypothesis into a fullblown theory that makes precise predictions about the effects of different types of contact on mainly attitudinal outcomes, and how and when those effects will occur. The outcomes of social interactions among members of different groupstermed intergroup or crossgroup interactionshave long been of interest to psychologists.
Allports 1954 contact hypothesis proposed that intergroup contact is a powerful means for improving intergroup attitudes. Starting with the history of intergroup contact theory, the book covers all key points necessary for a comprehensive understanding of what has been learned to date via research in this field. Which of the following are examples of intergroup conflict that. Allport is often credited with the development of the contact hypothesis, also known as intergroup contact theory. However, recent research has shown that intergroup contact may have the.
Why, do you think, this field of intercultural communication advocates contact between different cultural groups. The times they are achanging identification and intergroup. Tropp boston college the present article presents a metaanalytic test of intergroup contact theory. Under what conditions does intergroup contact improve. Intergroup contact theory has been one of the most influential theories in social psychology since it was first formulated by gordon allport in 1954. The work is exciting because it combines basic social psychological concerns human interaction, situational influences on behavior with an effective. The book is divided into sections addressing specific groups, intergroup communication processes, and core contexts in which intergroup. We also discuss key features of successful interventions, highlighting examples from conflict zones around the world. Scholars tend to differentiate intergroup conflicts into different periods as, e. Reducing intergroup conflict through contact association. A criticaldialogic model for effective intergroup interaction nicholas sorensen. There are other positive outcomes of intergroup indirect contact contact, such as. A metaanalysis with 515 studies and more than 250,000 subjects demonstrates that intergroup contact typically reduces prejudice mean r 21.
Many researchers are interested in programs and initiatives that can curb prejudice and increase receptivity to diversity. Allports original conditions for optimal contact equal status, common goals, no intergroup competition, and authority. A and the jim crow laws, gordon allport 1954 proposed one of the most important social psychological events of the 20th century, suggesting that contact between members of different groups under certain conditions can work to reduce. The premise of allports theory states that under appropriate conditions interpersonal contact is one of the most effective ways to reduce prejudice between majority and. Nagda university of washington patricia gurin and kelly e. The contact hypothesis the intergroup contact hypothesis was first proposed by allport 1954, who suggested that positive effects of intergroup contact occur in everett, j. A measure of intergroup contact clark mccauley, mary plummer, and sophia moskalenko department of psychology bryn mawr college j. Allports original conditions for optimal contact equal status, common goals, no intergroup competition, and authority sanction facilitate the effect but are not. The contact situation must provide the participants with the opportunity to become friends.
Crisp and rhiannon turner 2009 and proposes that simply imagining a positive encounter with a member or members of an outgroup category can promote more positive intergroup attitudes. Implications of missing critical variables from an analysis of intergroup contact theory. We propose that intergroup contact provides an effective means by which to reduce, resolve, and prevent conflict of all kinds, including violent conflict. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Just as intergroup contact theory predicts, this vast heterogeneity of effects is shaped by the varying conditions under which the contact takes place. The intergroup contact theory is based on the idea that interactions between members of different groups help improve intergroup attitudes and reduce intergroup tensions and prejudice. For example, according to critical mass theory, when a minority group. Allport specified four conditions for optimal intergroup contact. In psychology and other social sciences, the contact hypothesis suggests that intergroup contact under appropriate conditions can effectively reduce prejudice between majority and minority group members. Analysis shows personal contact reduces tension and prejudice. Comments on the motivational status of selfesteem in social identity and intergroup discrimination. A and the jim crow laws, gordon allport 1954 proposed one of the most important social. Drawing from the intergroup contact model and selfcategorization theory, the authors advanced the novel hypothesis of a valencesalience effect, whereby negative contact causes higher category salience than positive contact. There are close to 300 articles making up these two volumes exploring the individual elements of group processes and intergroup relations, as well as where they merge.
The times they are achanging identification and intergroup relations throughout a merger. Summary of intergroup conflict beyond intractability. In this thoroughly updated and expanded second edition, major international. Both chapters should be seen as complementary and allow readers, when read in combination, to gain a fuller sense of what researchers accomplished in the domain of intergroup relations.
In 1954, allport proposed the intergroup contact hypothesis, which states that intergroup contact would help promote positive intergroup relations. Pdf recent advances in intergroup contact theory thomas. Following wwii and the desegregation of the military and other public institutions, policymakers and social scientists had turned an eye towards the policy implications of interracial contact. Brown, rupert and hewstone, miles 2005 an integrative theory of intergroup contact. The intergroup contact hypothesis was first proposed by allport 1954, who suggested that positive effects of intergroup contact occur in contact situations characterized by four key conditions. As the world faces an array of increasingly pervasive and dangerous social conflictsrace riots, ethnic cleansing, the threat of terrorism, labor disputes, and violence against women, children, and the elderly, to name a fewthe study of how groups relate has taken on a role of vital importance to our society. The imagined contact hypothesis was put forward by richard j. Perhaps it is in the workplace or maybe at school, but if you didnt have to interact with them there is a good chance you never would. Arguably, the intergroup contact hypothesis formalized by allport 1954 has been the. Chapters written by experts in the field overview current research and present directions for the future.
Encyclopedia of group processes and intergroup relations. Fisher offers a socialpsychological approach to understanding. The premise of allports theory states that under appropriate conditions interpersonal contact is one of the most effective ways to reduce prejudice between majority and minority group members. Extending intergroup contact theory to positive contexts through a. Gordon allports contact hypothesis facing history and. A novel framework for intergroup contact research usystem. In this case, intergroup conflict would occur when there is conflicting between two areas, such as between the nursing unit and another area of the facility, such as the lab or dietary departments. Contrasting theoretical approaches to intergroup relations. The chapter outlines a longitudinal intergroup contact theory. This volume highlights, via a critical lens, the most notable recent developments in the field, demonstrating its vitality and its capacity for reinve. This article outlines a taxonomy of games, called team games, which. Some of them defend a blend of decategorization while at the same time proposing means to respect existing categories. Pdf the contact hypothesis allport, 1954 is one of the most influential. Yet research finds that the positive effects of crossgroup.
How can intergroup interaction be bad if intergroup contact. Create a flyer for encyclopedia of group processes and. The encyclopedia of group processes and intergroup relations is a reflection of the growing integration of what were formerly two distinct approaches. They had fewer objections to blacks joining their previously allwhite police. Introduction to intergroup contact and collective action. Create a flyer for encyclopedia of group processes and intergroup relations. Apllort hypothesised that properly managed contact between groups should reduce these problems and lead to better interactions. The effects of merging on social identification and ingroup bias. Intergroup conflict, in deutsch, morton and peter t.
23 114 1425 970 169 719 1073 665 792 184 479 581 315 1006 1346 768 1319 741 244 606 1458 107 1226 131 927 1321 1185 774 614 1494 1100 1279 13 1124 492 1511 1398 725 274 133 362 855 1311 423 64